Interacting with Python

To start an interactive session with Python, open your terminal and type

$ python

at the prompt. You should see something like this

Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Oct 13 2017, 12:02:49) 
[GCC 7.2.0] on Linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

Unlike the normal $ terminal prompt, the Python prompt looks like this:

>>>

Keep an eye on this, as a common early source of confusion is entering terminal commands into the Python prompt or entering Python commands into the terminal.

A Little Math

Let’s try a little math at the Python prompt. In the example below, type the text that appears after the Python prompt (the >>>). The line below is the output that is returned. This will be a standard convention when giving examples using the Python prompt.

>>> 2 + 3
5
>>> 14 - 10
4
>>> 10 * 10
100
>>> 6 / 3
2
>>> 21 % 4
1

The first four operations above are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, respectively. The last operation is modulo, or mod, which returns the remainder after division.

Note the way you interact with Python at the prompt. After entering an expression such as 2 + 3, Python “evaluates” it to a simpler form, 5, and then prints out the answer for you. This process is called the Read Eval Print Loop, or REPL. Reading takes commands from you, the input is evaluated or run, the result is printed out, and the prompt is shown again to wait for more input. The normal terminal (the one with the $) is another example of a REPL.

The REPL is useful for quick tests and, later, can be used for exploring and debugging your programs interactively.

Challenges

For a few minutes, practice moving in and out of Python’s interactive mode (also known as the REPL). You can get out of Python by hitting Control-d (or Control-z if you’re using Git Bash) or by typing exit(), and you can get back in by typing python at the $ prompt. Remember that you’re in the REPL when you see >>>, and you’re in bash when you see the $.
One “operator” (math symbol) we didn’t learn is the exponent—you know, “x raised to the power of…” If you were Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, how would you define this operator? Look up the exponent operator in Python on Google and see how close you were.

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